Piercing in Japanese

There are various ways to say "piercing" in Japanese.

The word piasu ピアス means "piercing" in the jewelry kind. It's the katakanization of the English verb to "pierce," but it's synonymous with the one for the noun "piercing," piashingu ピアシング. It's abbreviated pi ピ.

It comes after body part words for whatever body part you're piercing. For example:

• shita piasu 舌ピアス
  shita pi 舌ピ
  Tongue piercing.
• mimi piasu 耳ピアス
  mimi pi 耳ピ
  Ear piercing.
• mimikazari 耳飾り
  Earring. "Ear decoration."
• iaringu イヤリング
  Earring.

The word kantsuu 貫通 means "piercing" in the sense of perforation, "opening a hole."

• ana wo kantsuu saseru
  穴を貫通させる
  To make a hole open. To perforate a hole.

The jewelry piasu is inserted in holes, so the act of piercing a piercing in Japanese ends up being "to open" a piercing.

• piasu wo akeru ピアスを開ける
  To open a piercing. To pierce a piercing.
• piasu no ake ピアスの開け
  The opening of the piercing. The piercing of the piercing.
• piasu no ake-kata ピアスの開け方
  The method of opening a piercing. How to pierce a piercing.

The word tsuranki 貫き, "piercing," comes from tsuranuku 貫く, "to pierce," "to go through." For example:

• ya ga yoroi wo tsuranuita
  矢が鎧を貫いた
  The arrow pierced through the armor.

The word sashi 刺し is "piercing" is the "stabbing" sense, from sasu 刺す, "to stab."

A homonym, the word sashi 差し, from sasu 差す, means "piercing" in the sense of rays of light piercing through the dark, or rays of the sun piercing through the forest, and so on.

See also:

• gyaru ギャル

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Tattoo in Japanese

There are various ways to say "tattoo" in Japanese.

First, tatwuu タトゥー, katakanization of the English word "tattoo," is the western fashion kind of tattoo. This is probably the word for tattoo you're looking for.

Second, irezumi 入れ墨, literally "inserting ink," from ireru 入れる, "to put in," and sumi 墨, "ink," s turning z because of rendaku, is a traditional Japanese tattoo. (not to be confused with the semordnilap sumiire 墨入れ, which means "ink bottle" or "inking [something].")

The verb "to tattoo" is in fact the verb to put in:

• ireru 入れる
  To put in [the ink].
• To ink in. To tattoo.
• tatwuu wo ireru タトゥーを入れる
  To put in a tattoo. To ink in a tattoo. To tattoo a tattoo.
• tatwuu wo kesu タトゥーを消す
  To erase a tattoo. To remove a tattoo.

Generally speaking, irezumi is associated with the Yakuza, a crime syndicate, because its criminal members had such tattoos on their bodies.

While the western tattoos can often be a small thing drawn on some body part, the Yakuza-style tattoos often cover a person's whole back, arms, and even chest. Some of them are full-body tattoos.

Historically, during the Edo period (1603–1868), irezumi 入れ墨, also spelled irezumi 入墨, without okurigana, referred to the tattoos tattooed to criminals' faces or arms, which marked that they had been found guilty of their crimes.

In the Meiji period, the spelling irezumi 刺青 also started being used. This ateji came from the title of the short story Shisei 刺青, by novelist Tanizaki Jun'ichirō 谷崎潤一郎, published in 1910. The English title is "The Tattooer," so you can guess what were the contents of the story.

Today, shiseishi 刺青師 means a "tattooer," by the way. Just like renkinjutsushi 錬金術師 means an "alchemist."

Further in the past, the term gei 黥 used to refer to a tattoo on someone's face, while bunshin 文身 referred to a tattoo on their body.

Another term that meant "tattoo" was horimono 彫り物, literally "carving/engraving thing," in the same sense tabemono 食べ物, "food," is literally "eating thing."

See Also:

• gyaru ギャル

References:

• 日本でタトゥーはタブーなのか　「不快」の声に当事者は - asahi.com, accessed 2019-04-04.

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manba マンバ

In Japanese, manba マンバ  means a type of gyaru ギャル fashion style characterized by artificial dark skin color, called ganguro ガングロ, white eye-shadow, lip gloss, and colored hair.

It comes from yamanba ヤマンバ, which is a different, but similar fashion style. The difference between manba マンバ and yamanba ヤマンバ is that the original yamanba featured white hair and white makeup, while the derived manba features colored hair and makeup.

Nowadays, the two terms are often used interchangeably, mostly because this specific style of fashion was popular after the 90's and started dying out around 2000. There's a lot of misinformation on the origin of the words, nobody really remembers, and, honestly, not very many people care.

To clarify: first, some gyaru started getting dark skin, ganguro. This made them stand out in the crowd, in a country where mostly everybody had white skin. Nowadays those are called "black gyaru," kuro-gyaru 黒ギャル, and there are kinds of gyaru without ganguro.

Anyway, in order to stand out even outer, some gyaru started using makeup mimicking a certain legend: of the monster spirit yamanba, also called yamauba 山姥, which took the form of an "old woman," babaa ババァ, and lived in a "mountain," yama 山.

Since the yamanba style is supposed to mimic yamauba, we can be certain that it features white hair. After all, yamauba took the form of an old woman, and, with advanced age, women end up having white hair.

By contrast, manba, which came after, simply takes the yamanba style and removes the requirement of resembling a spirit legend, which is why it has colored hair instead of white.
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ganguro ガングロ

In Japanese, ganguro ガングロ refers to the artificial "dark skin" that's part of some gyaru ギャル fashion styles. The term ganguro can also refer to a girl who has ganguro (dark skin).

The term ganguro doesn't refer to natural dark skin, only that acquired by artificial means: for example, by tanning in a tanning salon, or even by wearing a black foundation (makeup).

The term ganguro also doesn't mean the entire body is dark-skinned. With tanning, the whole body becomes dark-skinned, yes, but with makeup only the face becomes dark-skinned, so you have white limbs, black face, and perhaps some colored or white makeup on top of that black face.

Perhaps the dark color was chosen to increase the contrast of more vivid colors makeup and hair colors, which is why styles featuring ganguro also feature colored hair and the sort.

The term gonguro ゴングロ is a ganguro that's darker than normal.

The term bachiguro バチグロ is a ganguro is even darker than gonguro.

Some related terms:

• kasshoku hada 褐色肌
  Dark-brown color skin. (natural or artificial.)
• hiyake 日焼け
  Tanning.

There are two theories for the origin of ganguro:

1. The gan part comes from gangan ガンガン, a mimetic word meaning "vigorously."
2. The gan part is the on'yomi reading of the kanji for "face," kao 顔, the body part, which is gan 顔.

In either case, the guro グロ part comes from the color "black," kuro 黒, the k turning g because of rendaku, as it's a suffix. (it definitely doesn't come from the grotesque kind of guro グロ which has nothing to do with this word.)

So the literal meaning of ganguro must be either "vigorously black" or "face-black."
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kouhai 後輩

In Japanese, kouhai 後輩 means "junior," in the sense they've been in a workplace, organization, school, or school club, for less time than you have. It can also refer to someone who has been doing an activity, like a sport, for less time than you.

The word kouhai is also romanized kōhai. It's the antonym of senpai 先輩, "senior," as one might guess from the meaning of the kanji of the words: saki 先 means "early," while ato 後 means "later." A senior is the one who joined earlier, before, the junior who joined later.

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hizamakura 膝枕

In Japanese, hizamakura 膝枕 means "lap pillow." This is when someone offers their lap as a pillow to someone else, so they lay their head on there.

The word hiza 膝 generally means "knee," the body part, so hizamakura sounds like a "knee pillow." The area above the knee is what you'd call the lap in English.

The term hizamakura also refers to a product that's an actual pillow shaped in the form of (presumably) a woman's lap. (seriously.) This kind of product is similar to a dakimakura 抱き枕, which would be a "hug pillow" instead.

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gyaru ギャル

In Japanese, gyaru ギャル are generally sociable young women of flashy, showy appearance, specially those following certain fashion trends, wearing gaudy accessories and makeup.

In anime, gyaru characters are normally portrayed as having unnatural dark skin and blond hair, and are associated with a number of tropes.

Characters: Aiura Mikoto 相ト命
Anime: Saiki-Kusuo no Psi Nan 2 斉木楠雄のΨ難 2 (Episode 8)

Types

There are various types of gyaru, all similarly showy. Here are some of them:

黒ギャル

A kuro-gyaru 黒ギャル, or "black gyaru," is a gyaru that has artificial"dark skin," ganguro ガングロ. The ganguro is normally attained through tanning at a beach or at an artificial tanning salon.

The ganguro can be partial: by wearing black foundation (cosmetic), the girl's face becomes black, leaving the rest of the body in the natural white color.

Character: Sumiyoshi Kanako 住吉加奈子
Anime: Nyan Koi! にゃんこい！ (Episode 2)

• Note that her face is black from makeup, not from tanning, as the rest of her body is white.

In Japan, most people have white skin, so, by turning their skin black, the kuro-gyaru stands out in the crowd. The term ganguro isn't applied to natural dark skin, but a kuro-gyaru can be a gyaru that has natural dark skin.

There are terms for three levels of ganguro according to how dark the kuro-gyaru's skin becomes:

1. ganguro ガングロ
   Dark skin.
2. gonguro ゴングロ
   Darker skin.
3. bachiguro バチグロ
   Darkest skin.

白ギャル

A shiro-gyaru 白ギャル, or "white gyaru," is the opposite: a gyaru with white skin. Or, most likely, a gyaru without ganguro.

Basically, kuro-gyaru was such a popular style t a time that gyaru was practically synonymous with ganguro. Some gyaru got sick of it: all this dark skin stuff. So the shiro-gyaru style was their attempt at breaking free of the ganguro thing.

Another key difference between kuro-gyaru and shiro-gyaru is that kuro-gyaru tends to use heavier makeup than shiro-gyaru. The dark skin helps contrast more vivid colors.

The shiro-gyaru uses "bleach," buriichi ブリーチ (not the shounen manga, I'm talking about cosmetics here), to make their hair lose color and make it approach blonde.

ヤマンバ

A yamanba マンバ is a kuro-gyaru with white makeup, mascara, and white hair, or, more likely, bleached blond hair.

The style is supposed to mimic the monster spirit yamauba 山姥, which takes form of an "old woman," babaa ババァ, and lives in a "mountain," yama 山. Since it's an old woman, it has white hair.

Anime: Asobi Asobase あそびあそばせ (Episode 4)

マンバ

A manba マンバ is a kuro-gyaru derived from yamanba which has colored hair instead of white.

Character: Sumiyoshi Kanako 住吉加奈子
Anime: Nyan Koi! にゃんこい！ (Episode 2)

コギャル

A kogyaru コギャル is a gyaru that's a "high-school student," a koukousei gyaru 高校生ギャル.

Many anime take place in high school, so, sooner or later, you'll end up seeing one of these kogyaru somewhere.

Something that kogyaru usually wear in anime is:

• ruuzu sokkusu ルーズソックス
  "Loose socks." (wasei eigo)
  Socks that are "loose" in the sense they're baggy. They look like you haven't worn them right, like you're supposed to pull them up and stretch them.

姫ロリ

The term hime-rori 姫ロリ is an abbreviation of "princess lolita," in the sense of "lolita fashion," roriitaa fasshon ロリータ・ファッション, you know, like "gothic & lolita," gosshiku ando roriita ゴシック・アンド・ロリータ.

Anyway, a hime-rori gyaru, or just hime-gyaru 姫ギャル, "princess gyaru," dresses like a princess, but, like, in a romantic sense. Wearing dresses with ribbons, lace, frills, in light pink or light blue, that sort of stuff. Basically, imagine one of those traditional cutesy princess dolls made as toys for little girls. That's the look.

It seems in the past this was called romanthikku-kei ロマンティック系, "romantic-class." I suppose fashion is a fleeting thing.

The gyaru are generically stylish, social girls into fashion and stuff. If in one year a certain look is popular, you'll see a lot of gyaru wearing that look. However, if in the next decade that look is no longer popular, then that sort of gyaru disappears. But gyaru... gyaru never changes. So they'll still exist in that decade, even if they look like something else entirely.

In fact, you'll see that yamanba, for example, is a fashion style that was popular in the 90's, until around the year 2000, when it died out, only to be reincarnated as manba, which, also, isn't as popular today as it was decades ago.

Tropes

In anime targeted at otaku オタク, specially those with an anti-social protagonist, gyaru characters are considered to be the enemy "normies," riajuu リア充, and thus generally deeply despised.

Anti-social characters are often depicted monologuing awful things, and seeing a gyaru, they'll probably call her a "slut," bitch ビッチ, or a "female (animal)," mesu メス, simply for socially hanging around with guys or having a kareshi 彼氏, "boyfriend."

The gyaru characters tend to be more romantically assertive (nikushokukei) compared to the average female character, but that is by no means required.

Slangs

In anime, gyaru characters often speak in a way different from the average character, despite very likely being just a normal high school student like everybody else.

For reference, a list of non-prescript words they use:

• ssho っしょ？
  Is it? [Isn't it?]
• Relaxed pronunciation of desho でしょ.
• jan じゃん
  jane じゃね
  Isn't it?
• From janai じゃない.
• Often used to ask if something "isn't it?" In the sense of asking the listener to agree.
• kawaii jan 可愛いじゃん
  It's cute, isn't it? (say it's cute!)
• ttsu no っつの
  (used when asserting the previous statement as true.)
• From tte iu no っていうの.
• The tte iu is used to quote what she just said, the no ending particle is assertive. E.g.
• muri ttsu no 無理っつの
  It's impossible. (is what I'm telling you!)
• ttsu ka っつか
  I mean... Or rather...
• From tte iu ka っていうか.
• Same thing as above, but with the doubt particle ka. E.g.
• muri ttsu ka 無理っつか
  I mean, it's impossible.
• ttsu ka sore muri ssho?
  っつかそれ無理っしょ？
  Or rather, that's impossible, isn't it?
• ttsu ka sa っつかさ
  I mean, you know...
• Same as above, but with sa さ added to it, which asks the listener to consider what's being said.
• ttsu ka sa, sore muri jane?
  っつかさ、それ無理じゃね？
  I mean, you know, isn't that impossible?
• sunna すんな.
  Don't do.
• From suru na するな.
• kunna くんな
  Don't come.
• From kuru na くるな.
• saasen さーせん
  Sorry.
• From sumimasen すみません.
• chiissu ちーっす
  Good day. (greeting expression.)
• From konchiwa desu こんにちはです
• azaasu あざーす
  Thanks.
• From arigatou gozaimasu ありがとうございます
• kimo キモ
  Gross. Cringe. Disturbing.
• Or kimoi キモイ, from kimochi warui 気持ち悪い.
• Often used to call someone "gross" for being a nerd or for hitting on her.
• otsu 乙
  Good job. Thank you for your work.
  (used at the end of the day, after someone finishes their job.)
• From otsukaresama お疲れ様.
• uzai ウザい
  Annoying.
• From uzattai うざったい, but means the same thing as urusai 煩い.
• maji uzai desu kedo マジウザイですけど
  [You're being] seriously annoying, though.
  Go away. Get lost.

Some slangs:

• gachi ガチ
  Serious. Seriously. Really.
• As opposed to joking around. Someone is serious about it. Synonymous with:
• honki 本気
  Serious.
• gachi-koi ガチ恋
  Serious love. (they're for real.)
• maji マジ
  Seriously. Really.
• Used when something is unbelievable.
• Seriously? That happened? Really?
• That guy is seriously cool!
• But also used as a generic intensifier before literally anything.
• chou 超
  Super.
• Used as intensifier.
• yabai やばい
  Dangerous.
  Terribly.
  Amazing.
• Originally, it meant "dangerous," like something you should stay away from.
• Somehow, it became synonymous with sugoi すごい, which is an intensifier and can mean something is incredibly so, or terribly so, or amazingly so, etc.
• maji yabaku ne?
  マジやばくね？
  "Isn't it seriously yabai?"
• The phrase above is basically an intensifying adverb plus an intensifying adjective. It just means something is intense somehow, but it doesn't mean good or bad. Thus, it's become a generic way to agree with someone, lacking any actual meaning whatsoever.
• ukeru ウケる
  To make [me] laugh.
• This is verb is often used when mocking something or someone. It essentially calls the thing funny, but it's a verb, so the grammar is kind of weird. Basically, it comes from:
• ukeru 受ける
  To receive.
• In the sense of you received it well, it's well-received by you, the joke made you laugh, the person (who's a joke) made you laugh, and so on.
• It can also mean something is impressive is a non-mocking sense. That you approve of it.
• The reason it's often used mockingly is because, in anime, a gyaru is in a group, someone in the group starts making fun of a third character, and the gyaru says ukeru expressing she approves of the mockery, she thinks it's funny.
• maji ukeru マジウケる
  chou ukeru 超ウケる
  "Super funny." (or something like that.)

Some slangs used on the internet:

• JK
  Short for joshi kousei 女子高生, "high school girl."
• wwww
  lol. rofl. (used when laughing at a joke, etc.)
• maji manji マジ卍
  Seriously "manji."
• The "swastika," manji 卍, was originally used as a tag (like, graphite) by delinquents, so it became associated with bad guys, and then, just like yabai, what's dangerous became amazing.
• Long story short: maji manji doesn't really mean anything. It's an intensifier like yabai. It can be "wow" or "amazing" or "horrible" depending on the situation.

Some words that aren't exactly slangs but you may end up seeing them anyway:

• asobi 遊び
  Play.
• Any activity that's about having fun. Hanging out, etc.
• asobu 遊ぶ
  To play.
• nanpa ナンパ
  Hitting on [girls]. Flirting.
• Abbreviated nan ナン.
• nanpa sareta ナンパされた
  To be hit on.
• gyaku-nanpa 逆ナンパ
  Reverse nanpa. Girls hitting on guys.
• dekoru デコる
  To decorate.
• With stickers and stuff like that.
• meiku メイク
  Makeup.
• suppin 素っぴん
  Not wearing makeup.
• For example, if a kuro-gyaru has ganguro on her face alone—she wears a black foundation—then you'd see her natural, white face if she was suppin.
• piasu ピアス
  Piercing.
• Refers only to a piercing, the thing.
• akeru 開ける
  To open. (a hole, a piercing.)
• It's abbreviated pi ピ, often comes after body parts.
• shita-pi 舌ピ
  Tongue piercing.
• tatwuu タトゥー
  irezumi 入れ墨
  irezumi 刺青
  Tattoo.

In Japanese

The word gyaru originates in the English slang "gal," which refers to a girl. They were synonymous, but then gyaru started also referring to fashion, a meaning that "gal" doesn't have, so gyaru is practically a wasei-eigo 和製英語 now.
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gyaku 逆

In Japanese, gyaku 逆 means "reverse" or "opposite." Besides being used as a noun sometimes, it's also used as a prefix for things that are reverse. Its kanji can also be read as saka 逆, the meaning remaining the same.

For example, when someone says something, but:

• sono gyaku da
  その逆だ
  It's the opposite of that.
• Literally "that's opposite," but the "'s" is in the possessive sense.

Sometimes it's used adverbially:

• gyaku ni 逆に
  Oppositely.
• See na-adjectives for how the ni に adverbial copula works.

The phrase gyaku ni is used when the statement before it was expected to lead to a certain result, but actually ends up leading to the opposite of what was expected. For example:

• bijin-sugite gyaku ni motenai
  美人すぎて逆にモテない
  Exceedingly beautiful person, oppositely: isn't popular.
• She's so beautiful guys aren't romantically interested in her.
• Normally, you'd expect a beautiful girl to have lots of guys interested in her. But in this case, she's so beautiful her beauty has the opposite effect: nobody is interested in her.
• Because they think she's out of her league, or is unapproachable, or something like that.
• atarimae sugite gyaku ni kidzukanai当たり前すぎて逆に気づかない
  So obvious oppositely attention doesn't attach to it.
• It was so obvious that I ended up not noticing it.
• yasashi-sa wa gyaku ni aite wo kizu-tsukeru
  優しさは逆に相手を傷つける
  Kindness oppositely hurts the other person.
• Being kind to someone can hurt them, rather than helping them.
• Normally you'd expect kindness to help.

Sometimes, that adverb gyaku ni shows up at the start of phrases. For example:

• gyaku ni ieba 逆に言えば
  gyaku ni iu to 逆に言うと
  If speak oppositely.
• gyaku ni kangaereba 逆に考えれば
  gyaku ni kangaeru to 逆に考えると
  If think oppositely.

Such phrases work like "conversely" in English. They're used when someone says something, and then someone else says: "conversely, you could say/think that..."

• anime ni kyoumi ga aru
  アニメに興味がある
  To anime, there's interest.
• I have interest in anime.
• gyaku ni ieba, sore igai ni kyoumi ga nai
  逆に言えば、それ以外に興味がない
  If speak oppositely, to other than that, there's no interest.
• Conversely, you could say that I have no interest in anything but anime.
• Or rather, I have no interest in anything but anime.

Note that although gyaku ni literally means what goes after it should be the opposite of what came before it, many times people use it to say something that's not completely opposite. That is, simply to introduce another way to see a same fact. So it works just like "or rather, you could say that..." in English.

The word gyaku is also as a prefix in a number of compound words:

• gyaku-kouka 逆効果
  Reverse effect.
• kouka 効果
  Effect.
• gyaku-shuu 逆襲
  Counter-attack.
• osou 襲う
  Attack
• gyakuten 逆転
  Reversal.
• The moment in which something turns around.
• For example: Gyakuten Saiban 逆転裁判, literally "judgement of reversals," judgement as in a trial, is the Japanese for the game Ace Attorney, in which the odds are always stacked against the protagonist, a lawyer, who has to somehow use evidence and testimonies to reach a "reversal," so his client will go from being seen as guilty to being seen as innocent.
• tenjiru 転じる
  To turn. (toward another direction.)
  To shift.
• tenjite 転じて
  Shifting. (often used when saying one word shifted into another word. e.g. kawaisou, "pitiable," was tenjite'd from kawaii, "cute.")
• gyakuten-gachi 逆転勝ち
  Victory by reversal.
• Winning after a game-changing point. Turning the tables.
• katsu 勝つ
  To win. (the g of gachi is rendaku.)

The gyaku prefix is also used in terms where genders become reversed. This is specially happens with some anime terms. For example:

• nanpa ナンパ
  Guys hitting on girls.
• gyaku-nanpa 逆ナンパ
  Girls hitting on guys. (e.g. nikushokukei)
• haaremu ハーレム
  Harem. Anime genre where one guy is surrounded by girls who are his potential romantic interests.
• gyaku-haaremu 逆ハーレム
  Reverse harem. Anime genre where one girl is surrounded by guys who are her potential romantic interests.
• ryona リョナ
  Scenes featuring violence against women in games, anime, etc.
• gyaku-ryona 逆リョナ
  Scenes featuring violent against men in games, anime, etc.
• otokonoko 男の娘
  "Trap": a male character that looks like a girl.
• gyak (wait, no.)
• onnanoko 雄んなの子
  Reverse trap: a female character that looks like a guy.
• Well, turns out it isn't always the same pattern.

Some examples with the saka 逆 reading:

• sakarau 逆らう
  To go against [someone or something].
• ore wo sakarau ki ka?!
  俺を逆らう気か？！
  Do you intend to go against me?!
• sakanoboru 遡る（逆上る）
  To go back in time.
• Used when talking about past events: "first, let's go back, sakanoboru, to 1980, that's when everything started." You'll see this verb used in narration a lot.
• sakasama 逆さま
  Upside-down.
• Sakasama no Patema サカサマのパテマ
  Patema Inverted. (is an anime movie about Patema, who's upside-down.)

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